China’s Mushroom Agriculture Policy-In 2017, the No.1 Central Document listed the edible fungi industry as one of the “advantageous and characteristic industries” advocated for vigorous development. In 2019, the No.1 Central Document once again made it clear that “accelerate the development of rural characteristic industries. Develop diverse characteristic industries according to local conditions, and advocate ‘one village, one product’ and ‘one county, one industry’.” “Actively develop industries such as fruits, vegetables, tea, and edible fungi… Support the construction of a number of advantageous areas for characteristic agricultural products.” In 2023, “cultivate and expand the edible fungi industry” was once again written into the No.1 Central Document. The full text is as follows:

Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Key Tasks for Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization in 2023
(January 2, 2023)

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has drawn a grand blueprint for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization. To fully build a modern socialist country, the most arduous and onerous tasks still lie in rural areas. The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and China’s development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, with more uncertainties and unpredictable factors. It is of paramount importance and cannot be compromised to maintain the stability of the “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” (the “three rurals”) sector. The Central Committee believes that we must remain committed to prioritizing the resolution of “three rurals” issues in the work of the entire Party, mobilize the efforts of the entire Party and society to comprehensively promote rural revitalization, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. A strong country must have a strong agriculture, and a strong agriculture ensures a strong country. We should base ourselves on national conditions and agricultural conditions, reflect Chinese characteristics, and build an agricultural power that is strong in supply security, scientific and technological equipment, business systems, industrial resilience, and competitive strength.
I. Strengthening the Stable Production and Supply of Grain and Key Agricultural Products
(1) Fully ensure grain production. The national grain output should remain above 1.3 trillion jin. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should stabilize the area under grain cultivation, focus on increasing the per-unit yield and strive to increase production. We should comprehensively consolidate the foundation of food security, strengthen the material basis for grain storage through land and technology, and improve the mechanism for ensuring farmers’ income from grain production and local governments’ responsibility for grain production. We will launch a new round of the action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion jin. We will create demonstration plots with an annual grain output of 1,000 jin per mu. We will encourage southern provinces to develop multiple cropping systems and support the development of double-cropping rice in areas with conditions. We will support the application of integrated pest management techniques for wheat. We will implement the project to increase the per-unit yield of corn. We will continue to raise the minimum purchase price for wheat and determine the minimum purchase price for rice in a reasonable way. We will stabilize subsidies for rice and improve the mechanism for ensuring the supply and stable prices of agricultural materials. We will improve the mechanism for compensating major grain-producing areas and increase the amount of rewards for major grain-producing counties. We will gradually expand the coverage of full-cost insurance and income insurance for rice, wheat and corn. We will implement the high-quality grain project well. We will encourage the development of grain order production to achieve high quality and high price. We will strictly prevent the cutting of green crops for fuel. We will strictly assess the performance of provincial Party committees and governments in protecting farmland and ensuring food security. We will promote the introduction of the Food Security Law.
(2) Increase the production of soybeans and oilseeds. We will further advance the project to increase the production capacity of soybeans and oilseeds. We will steadily promote the strip intercropping of soybeans and corn, support the rotation of grain and soybeans in Northeast China and the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and steadily develop the cultivation of soybeans on saline-alkali land. We will improve the production subsidies for corn and soybeans and implement the pilot program of full-cost insurance and income insurance for soybeans. We will coordinate comprehensive support measures for rapeseed, promote the rotation of rice and rapeseed, and vigorously develop the cultivation of rapeseed on fallow land. We will support the development of oil crops from trees, implement the three-year action plan for accelerating the development of oil tea, and fulfill the tasks of expanding the planting area of oil tea and renovating low-yield and low-efficiency forests. We will further implement the action to reduce the use of soybean meal in animal feed.
(3) Develop modern facilities agriculture. We will implement the action to modernize facilities agriculture. We will accelerate the development of centralized rice seedling nurseries and vegetable seedling centers. We will speed up the construction of grain drying facilities, cold storage facilities at the production sites of agricultural products and cold chain logistics facilities. We will carry out the renovation and upgrading of old vegetable facilities in a concentrated and contiguous manner. We will promote the renovation and upgrading of large-scale livestock farms and fish ponds. Under the premise of protecting the ecology and not increasing the total water use, we will explore the scientific use of Gobi and desert areas to develop facilities agriculture. We will encourage local governments to provide credit subsidies for the construction of facilities agriculture.
(4) Build a diversified food supply system. We will establish a broad concept of food security and accelerate the building of a diversified food supply system that integrates grain, cash crops and forage, combines agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and involves plants, animals and microorganisms. We will formulate implementation plans for different fields. We will build high-quality, water-saving, high-yield and stable-yield forage production bases and accelerate the development of the alfalfa industry. We will vigorously develop silage and accelerate the utilization of straw for animal feed. We will develop forest farming. We will promote the transformation and upgrading of grassland animal husbandry, rationally utilize grassland resources and promote rotational grazing. We will scientifically demarcate restricted breeding areas and develop large-scale ecological aquaculture. We will build modern marine ranches and develop deep-sea cage aquaculture and aquaculture vessels. We will foster and expand the edible fungi and algae industries. We will strengthen supervision over food safety and the quality and safety of agricultural products and improve the traceability management system.
(5) Make overall plans for the regulation of grain and key agricultural products. We will strengthen the capacity for emergency grain supply. We will strengthen supervision over grain reserves and purchase and sale. We will implement the responsibility of provincial governments for maintaining stable production and supply of pork. We will strengthen the regulation of pork production capacity mainly based on the number of breeding sows. We will strictly assess the performance of mayors in ensuring the supply of vegetables and other products. We will improve the target price policy for cotton. We will continue to implement the policy of providing subsidies for the promotion of good varieties and good techniques in sugarcane cultivation. We will improve the support policies for natural rubber. We will strengthen the regulation of the production, storage and transportation of fertilizers and other agricultural materials. We will give full play to the role of international trade in agricultural products and deepen the implementation of the strategy of diversifying agricultural product imports. We will continue to carry out the action to save food and reduce waste throughout the chain and improve the regular and long-term working mechanism. Advocate healthy diets.
II. Strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction
(6) Strengthening the protection and use control of cultivated land. Strictly manage the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, implement a joint acceptance and evaluation mechanism by multiple departments and a system of “review by counties and cities, recheck by provinces, and social supervision”, ensuring that the compensated cultivated land is of equal quantity, comparable quality and equivalent productivity. Strictly control the conversion of cultivated land to other agricultural land. Explore the establishment of a mechanism for controlling the planting use of cultivated land, clarify the priority order of utilization, strengthen dynamic monitoring, and carry out pilot projects in an orderly manner. Increase efforts to utilize abandoned cultivated land. Do a good job in the third national soil census.
(7) Strengthening the construction of high-standard farmland. Complete the annual tasks of new construction and improvement of high-standard farmland, focusing on filling the gaps in soil improvement and farmland irrigation and drainage facilities, and promoting efficient water-saving irrigation in a coordinated manner. Establish a long-term management and maintenance mechanism. Formulate an implementation plan for gradually converting all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland. Strengthen the protection of black soil and comprehensive management of sloping farmland. Crack down on illegal activities such as stealing black soil and electrocuting earthworms that damage the soil. Intensify research and development of technologies to enhance the productivity of dry and semi-dry farmland and red and yellow soil farmland. Continue to promote the shift from mainly adapting crops to saline-alkali land to selecting and breeding more salt-tolerant plants to adapt to saline-alkali land. Carry out comprehensive development and utilization pilot projects of farmland reserve resources such as saline-alkali land.
(8) Strengthening the construction of water conservancy infrastructure. Vigorously promote major water conservancy projects and accelerate the construction of the backbone network of the national water network. Accelerate the construction and modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas. Implement a number of small and medium-sized reservoirs and water diversion and storage projects, as well as drought-resistant and emergency water sources. Strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities such as connecting field channels with the backbone of irrigation areas. Support key regions in carrying out comprehensive governance of excessive groundwater extraction, and promote deep water conservation and control in the Yellow River Basin. Develop efficient water-saving dryland agriculture in dry and semi-dry areas. Strengthen the construction and management of flood detention areas, the governance of small and medium-sized rivers, and the prevention and control of mountain floods. Accelerate the implementation of risk reduction and safety monitoring of small and medium-sized reservoirs. Deepen the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices.
(9) Strengthening the capacity for agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation. Study and carry out a new round of agricultural climate resource census and agricultural climate zoning. Optimize and improve the layout of agricultural meteorological observation facilities and stations, and release agricultural meteorological disaster information by region and disaster type. Strengthen the construction of drought and flood defense systems and the guarantee of agricultural disaster prevention and relief. Improve the monitoring and early warning network for animal and plant diseases and pests at the grassroots level. Do a good job in the routine prevention and control of major animal diseases such as African swine fever and the source prevention and control of key zoonotic diseases. Enhance the comprehensive prevention and control level of forest and grassland fires in key areas.
III. Strengthening the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment
(10) Promoting breakthroughs in key agricultural technologies. Adhere to the orientation of industrial demand, build a clear-tiered, collaborative, and moderately competitive agricultural science and technology innovation system, and accelerate breakthroughs in frontier technologies. Support the construction of national laboratories, national key laboratories, and manufacturing innovation centers in the agricultural field, and strengthen the construction of long-term agricultural basic observation and experimental stations (points). Improve the stable support mechanism for basic research in the field of agricultural science and technology.
(11) Deeply implementing the action plan for the revitalization of the seed industry. Complete the national census of agricultural germplasm resources. Build an open, collaborative, and shared application mechanism for precise identification and evaluation of germplasm resources. Fully implement major projects in biological breeding, steadily advance national joint breeding research and the livestock and poultry genetic improvement plan, and accelerate the breeding of new varieties such as high-yield and high-oil soybeans, short-growing-period rapeseed, and salt-tolerant crops. Accelerate the industrialization of corn and soybean biological breeding, orderly expand the scope of pilot projects, and standardize planting management.
(12) Accelerating the research and promotion of advanced agricultural machinery. Intensify the research and development of large intelligent agricultural machinery, small machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas, and horticultural machinery. Support the integrated application of Beidou intelligent monitoring terminals and auxiliary driving systems. Improve the subsidy policy for the purchase and application of agricultural machinery, explore subsidy methods linked to operation volume, and local governments should fulfill their legal expenditure responsibilities. (13) Promoting green development in agriculture. Accelerate the application and promotion of technologies for reducing and increasing the efficiency of agricultural inputs, promote water and fertilizer integration, and establish a collection, utilization and treatment system for agricultural waste such as straw, agricultural films, pesticide packaging waste and livestock manure. Build pilot zones and observation and experimentation bases for green agricultural development. Improve the system of fallow and crop rotation for farmland. Strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land, especially cadmium. Intensify the safe utilization and risk management of contaminated farmland. Establish a monitoring system for the protection of agricultural ecological environment. Enact regulations on ecological protection compensation. Strictly enforce the system of fishing moratoriums and bans, implement the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, and consolidate the achievements of resettlement and support for fishermen who have given up fishing. Continue to carry out the action to rejuvenate mother rivers, and scientifically implement comprehensive river and lake management in rural areas. Strengthen the construction and renovation of silt-retaining dams in the Loess Plateau. Intensify the protection and restoration of grasslands. Consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and implement relevant subsidy policies. Crack down on illegal introduction of alien species, carry out major actions to control invasive species that cause significant harm, and strengthen the regulation and management of exotic pet trading and release.

Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation
(14) Resolutely prevent large-scale return to poverty. Press firmly and implement the responsibilities of all levels in consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation, ensuring no slackening or deviation. Strengthen dynamic monitoring to prevent poverty. For monitored households with labor capacity and willingness, implement development-oriented assistance measures. Improve the stratified and categorized social assistance system and ensure a safety net. Consolidate and enhance the achievements in ensuring basic needs such as housing, education, medical care and drinking water.
(15) Enhance the internal development momentum of poverty-stricken areas and people. Take increasing the income of poverty-stricken people as the fundamental requirement, and promoting the accelerated development of poverty-stricken counties as the main direction. Focus more on inspiring and educating people, and on industries and employment, to continuously narrow the income gap and development gap. Strive to increase the proportion of central government funds for rural revitalization used for industrial development to over 60%, with a focus on supporting the filling of technological, facility and marketing gaps. Encourage poverty-stricken areas to develop courtyard economies where conditions permit. Deepen various forms of consumption assistance, continue to create demonstration cities and production areas for consumption assistance, and support poverty-stricken areas in building regional public brands. For business-oriented assistance projects supported by fiscal and assistance funds, improve the benefit connection mechanism to increase farmers’ income. Manage and utilize poverty alleviation project assets well. Deepen east-west labor cooperation, implement the action to prevent poverty through employment, and ensure that the number of employed poverty-stricken laborers remains stable at over 30 million. Continue to operate employment assistance workshops and other industrial assistance projects well. Give full play to the role of public welfare positions in rural areas in providing employment. Deepen the “Raindrop Program + Employment Promotion” action. Implement a number of key projects to make up for shortcomings and promote revitalization in national key counties for rural revitalization, and continue to implement “group-style” assistance in medical care, education and cadre talent. Deepen the special action to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation through relocation and the special action to assist the employment of relocated people.
(16) Stabilize and improve assistance policies. Implement policies for effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Monitor and evaluate the development achievements of national key counties for rural revitalization. Maintain the intensity of credit support for poverty-stricken areas, and do a good job in microcredit for poverty alleviation. Provide financial support for assistance projects in accordance with market principles. Deepen east-west cooperation, organize economically developed counties (cities, districts) in the east to carry out the action of joining hands to promote revitalization with poverty-stricken counties, and help poverty-stricken counties to undertake and develop more labor-intensive industries. Continue to do a good job in the定点帮扶 of central government units， and adjust and improve the pairing relationship. Deepen the “Ten Thousand Enterprises Revitalizing Ten Thousand Villages” action. Study the regular assistance mechanism for low-income rural residents and underdeveloped areas after the transition period.
Promoting high-quality development of rural industries
(17) Strengthening the processing and circulation of agricultural products. (18) Accelerate the development of modern rural services. Comprehensively promote the construction of the county-level commercial system. Accelerate the improvement of the county, township and village e-commerce and express delivery logistics distribution system, build county-level centralized collection and distribution centers, promote the integrated development of rural passenger transport, freight transport and postal services, vigorously develop new models such as common distribution and instant retail, and promote the extension of the cold chain logistics service network to rural areas. Develop rural catering, shopping, culture and sports, tourism and leisure, elderly care and child care, information intermediary and other living services. Encourage regions with conditions to carry out the promotion of new energy vehicles and green smart home appliances in rural areas.
(19) Cultivate new industries and business forms in rural areas. Continue to support the creation of strong agricultural industry towns, modern agricultural industrial parks, and advantageous and characteristic industrial clusters. Support the construction of national rural industrial integration demonstration zones. Deepen the construction of agricultural modernization demonstration zones. Implement the cultural industry empowerment plan for rural revitalization. Implement the rural leisure tourism quality improvement project, promote the upgrading of rural homestays. Deeply implement the “Digital Business Empowering Agriculture” and “Internet +” agricultural products out of the village and into the city project, encourage the development of new models such as direct e-commerce procurement and customized production of agricultural products, and build live-streaming e-commerce bases for agricultural and sideline products. Improve the standardization and normalization level of industries such as fresh-cut vegetables and central kitchens. Cultivate and develop the pre-prepared food industry.
(20) Cultivate and expand county-level wealth-creating industries. Improve the spatial layout of industries at the county, township and village levels, enhance the industrial carrying capacity and supporting service functions of county seats, and strengthen the agglomeration functions of key towns. Implement the “One County, One Industry” project for strengthening counties and enriching the people. Guide labor-intensive industries to gradually transfer to central and western regions and to counties. Support large and medium-sized cities in laying out related industries and supporting enterprises in surrounding counties. Support national high-tech zones, economic development zones and agricultural high-tech zones in taking over and jointly operating county-level industrial parks.
VI. Broaden channels for farmers’ income growth and prosperity
(21) Promote employment and income growth for farmers. Strengthen the implementation of various policies to stabilize jobs and alleviate difficulties, increase the tilt towards stabilizing jobs in small and medium-sized enterprises, and stabilize the employment of migrant workers. Promote the improvement of vocational skills for migrant workers. Improve the monitoring and early warning mechanism for migrant workers’ wage payments. Protect the employment rights and interests of migrant workers over the age of 60. Accelerate the improvement of the rights and interests protection system for flexible employment personnel. Strengthen the construction of returnee and newcomer entrepreneurship parks and rural entrepreneurship incubation and training bases. Promote the use of work-for-relief in government investment key projects and rural infrastructure construction projects, and appropriately increase labor remuneration.
(22) Enhance the efficiency of agricultural operations. We will carry out in-depth actions to improve the performance of new types of agricultural business entities, support family farms in setting up farmers’ cooperatives and cooperatives in establishing enterprises as needed, and encourage small-scale farmers to engage in cooperative operations and increase their income together. We will implement an action to promote agricultural social services, vigorously develop social services such as land preparation and planting, management and harvesting, and full-process management, encourage the construction of regional comprehensive service platforms, and promote cost reduction, quality improvement and marketing efficiency in agriculture. We will guide the orderly transfer of land management rights and develop moderate-scale agricultural operations. We will summarize the experience of local practices such as merging small plots into larger ones, and explore ways to gradually solve the problem of fragmented land under the premise of farmers’ voluntary participation, in combination with farmland construction and land consolidation. We will improve guidelines for social capital investment in agriculture and rural areas, and strengthen the supervision of the introduction, use and withdrawal of capital in rural areas. We will improve the qualification review, project review and risk prevention system for social capital to obtain land management rights through transfer, and effectively safeguard the interests of farmers. We will continue to deepen the comprehensive reform of the supply and marketing cooperatives, adhering to the principle of serving farmers and separating government affairs from cooperative affairs and separating cooperatives from enterprises.
(23) Grant farmers more full property rights. We will deepen the reform of the rural land system, do a good job in confirming rights, steadily advance the assignment of rights, and orderly realize the activation of rights, so that farmers can share more of the benefits of the reform. We will study and formulate guidelines for extending the second round of land contracts for another 30 years. We will steadily advance the pilot reform of rural homesteads, thoroughly investigate the situation, accelerate the confirmation and registration of homesteads with integrated land and house rights, strengthen standardized management, properly resolve historical legacy issues, and explore effective forms of realizing the separation of homestead ownership, eligibility rights and usage rights. We will deepen the pilot reform of the entry of rural collective business land into the market, and explore the establishment of an effective mechanism for regulating land value-added gains that takes into account the interests of the state, rural collective economic organizations and farmers. We will safeguard the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers who have moved to cities and encourage them to transfer their land rights and interests voluntarily and on a paid basis in accordance with the law. We will consolidate and improve the results of the reform of the rural collective property rights system, build a sound operation mechanism with clear property rights, scientific governance structure, stable operation mode and reasonable income distribution, and explore diverse ways to develop new types of rural collective economies such as resource contracting, property leasing, intermediary services and asset participation. We will improve the supervision system for rural collective assets. We will safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women in rural collective economic organizations. We will continue to deepen the reform of the collective forest tenure system. We will further advance the pilot and demonstration projects of rural comprehensive reform.

VII. Solidly Promote the Construction of Livable, Business – friendly, and Harmonious Villages

(24) Strengthen the Planning and Construction of Villages. Adhere to overall county – level planning, support villages with conditions and needs to compile village plans by zones and categories, and rationally determine village layouts and construction boundaries. Include village planning in the list of village – level deliberation and consultation items. Standardize and optimize the administrative division settings in rural areas. It is strictly prohibited to merge villages or build large communities against the will of farmers. Promote the comprehensive land improvement of the whole region with towns as units. Actively revitalize the stock of collective construction land, give priority to meeting the needs of farmers’ housing, rural infrastructure, public service spaces, and industrial land, and issue guidelines for rural revitalization land policies. Compile guidelines for improving the appearance of villages, enhance the village landscape based on local characteristics, regional features, and ethnic characteristics, and prevent large – scale demolitions and reconstructions and the blind construction of archways, pavilions, and corridors for showy purposes. Implement demonstration projects for the concentrated and contiguous protection and utilization of traditional villages, and establish and improve systems for the investigation and identification of traditional villages, pre – merger review, and disaster – damage prevention. Develop construction guidelines for rural areas to basically meet modern living conditions.

(25) Solidly Promote the Improvement of the Rural Living Environment. Increase the intensity of renovating rural public spaces and continuously carry out village cleaning campaigns. Consolidate the achievements of the investigation and rectification of rural household toilet problems and guide farmers to carry out household toilet renovations. Strengthen the construction and maintenance of rural public toilets. Focus on populated villages and towns and villages around water source protection areas, and promote the treatment of rural domestic sewage in a classified and step – by – step manner. Promote the source – based classification and reduction of rural domestic waste and ensure timely collection, transportation, and disposal. Promote the on – site and nearby resource utilization of toilet sewage, perishable waste, and organic waste. Continuously carry out the Patriotic Health Campaign.

(26) Continuously Strengthen the Construction of Rural Infrastructure. Strengthen the maintenance and safety management of rural roads, and promote the integrated construction of rural roads with supporting facilities along the lines, industrial parks, tourist attractions, and key rural tourism villages. Promote the construction of large – scale rural water supply projects and the standardized renovation of small – scale water supply projects, and carry out special actions to improve water quality. Promote the consolidation and upgrading of the rural power grid and develop rural renewable energy. Support the renovation of dilapidated rural houses and seismic – resistant renovations, basically complete the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards in rural houses, and establish a whole – process supervision system. Launch demonstration projects for building modern livable rural houses. Deeply implement the digital rural development initiative, promote the research, development, and popularization of digital application scenarios. Accelerate the application of big data in agriculture and rural areas and promote the development of smart agriculture. Implement the responsibility for the management and maintenance of rural public infrastructure. Strengthen the construction of the basic capabilities of rural emergency management, and carry out in – depth efforts to address risks and potential hazards in key areas such as rural transportation, fire safety, and self – built houses for business purposes.

(27) Improve the Capacity of Basic Public Services. Promote the downward flow of basic public service resources and focus on strengthening weak links. Promote the high – quality and balanced development of compulsory education within the county, and improve the school – running level of rural schools. Implement the policy of living allowances for rural teachers. Coordinate the medical and health resources at the county level, and strengthen the construction of medical and health and medical security service capabilities at the township and village levels. Coordinate and solve the problems of salary distribution and treatment guarantee for rural doctors, and promote the professionalization and standardization of the rural doctor workforce. Improve the prevention and control of infectious diseases and emergency response capabilities in rural areas. Do a good job in the prevention and control of the COVID – 19 epidemic in rural areas, compact responsibilities at all levels, strengthen medical security for key groups such as the elderly, children, the sick, the disabled, and pregnant women in rural areas, and safeguard the physical health and normal production and living order of rural residents to the greatest extent. Optimize the review and confirmation process for the minimum living security system to ensure that eligible people in need are “covered as they should be”. Deepen rural social work services. Accelerate the construction of township – level regional elderly care service centers, and promote elderly care services such as day – care, mutual – aid elderly care, home – visit care, and senior canteens. Implement the plan to improve the quality of rural women, strengthen the protection of rural minors, improve the social security system and care service system for rural disabled people, and show concern for people with mental disorders.

VIII. Improve the Rural Governance System Led by Party Organizations

(28) Strengthen the Political and Organizational Functions of Rural Grassroots Party Organizations. Highlight the clear orientation of focusing on the grassroots level, strengthen the responsibility of county – level Party committees for promoting rural development through township – level leadership, and deeply promote rural revitalization through Party building. Provide comprehensive training to improve the rural revitalization leadership capabilities of township and village leadership teams. Assign capable first secretaries and work teams to villages and make good use of them, and strengthen the paired – assistance of villages by dispatching units. Rectify corruption and work – style problems in the field of rural revitalization. Continuously carry out inspections of cities and counties, promote the effective connection between grassroots discipline inspection and supervision organizations and village affairs supervision committees, and strengthen the all – around management and regular supervision of village cadres. Conduct centralized training for rural Party members in batches. Give play to the vanguard and exemplary role of rural Party members through measures such as setting up positions and defining responsibilities.

(29) Improve the Efficiency of Rural Governance. Adhere to Party – building – led rural governance, strengthen the functions of the three – level governance system of counties, townships, and villages, compact the responsibilities of county – level governments, promote the empowerment and capacity – building of townships, and consolidate the village – level foundation. Fully implement the systems of county – level leading group members being responsible for townships and visiting villages, township – level leading group members being responsible for villages and contacting households, and village cadres frequently visiting households. Improve the villagers’ self – governance mechanism led by Party organizations and fully implement the “Four Deliberations and Two Public Announcements” system. Strengthen rural legal education and legal services, and deeply carry out the creation of “model villages (communities) for democracy and the rule of law”. Adhere to and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” in the new era, and improve the multi – prevention, mediation, and resolution mechanism for social conflicts and disputes. Improve the grassroots governance platform featuring grid – based management, refined services, and information – technology support. Promote the normalization of combating gang – related and evil – related activities in rural areas. Carry out special campaigns to combat and rectify illegal gambling activities in rural areas. Severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts that violate the rights of rural women and children in accordance with the law. Improve and promote practical and effective governance methods such as the point – based system, the list – based system, digitalization, and handling complaints immediately upon receipt. Deepen the pilot projects for the construction of the rural governance system and organize the creation of national – level model towns and villages for rural governance.

(30) Strengthen the Construction of Rural Spiritual Civilization. Conduct in – depth publicity and education on the core socialist values, and continue to carry out publicity and education activities in rural areas to encourage people to follow the Party, be grateful to the Party, and always follow the Party. Deepen the creation of mass spiritual civilization in rural areas, expand the construction of new – era civilized practice centers, county – level media convergence centers, etc., and support rural areas to organize mass cultural activities on their own. Pay attention to the construction of family values, family education, and family traditions. Deeply implement the project for the inheritance and protection of farming culture, and strengthen the protection and utilization of important agricultural cultural heritage. Organize the Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival well. Promote local governments to formulate norms for changing customs and traditions according to local conditions, strengthen the restrictive role of village regulations and agreements, and encourage Party members and cadres to take the lead and set examples. Carry out special governance of prominent problems in key areas such as high – priced betrothal gifts and extravagant weddings and funerals. Promote the reform of rural funeral customs.

IX. Strengthen Policy Support and Innovation in Systems and Mechanisms

(31) Improve the Diversified Investment Mechanism for Rural Revitalization. Persist in giving priority to agriculture and rural areas in the general public budget, and compact the investment responsibilities of local governments. Steadily increase the proportion of land transfer proceeds used for agriculture and rural areas. Include eligible rural revitalization projects in the scope of local government bond support. Support the establishment of rural revitalization funds in a market – oriented manner. Improve the linkage mechanism between government investment and financial and social investment. Encourage the bundling of eligible projects for implementation by market entities as required, and leverage more financial and social capital to be invested in agriculture and rural areas in accordance with market – based principles. Make good use of policies such as re – loans, rediscounts, differential reserve requirements, differential financial supervision, and assessment and evaluation to encourage financial institutions to increase loan disbursements in areas related to rural revitalization, with a focus on ensuring the credit funds needed for food security. Guide credit guarantee services to tilt towards the agriculture and rural areas, and give play to the role of the national agricultural credit guarantee system. Strengthen the sharing of agricultural credit information. Give play to the role of multi – level capital markets in supporting agriculture and optimize the “insurance + futures” model. Accelerate the reform and risk – mitigation of rural credit cooperatives and promote the structural restructuring of village and township banks. Encourage the development of fishery insurance.

(32) Strengthen the Construction of the Rural Talent Team. Implement the talent support plan for rural revitalization, organize and guide talents from fields such as education, health, science and technology, culture, social work, and spiritual civilization construction to serve at the grassroots level, and support the cultivation of urgently needed and scarce local talents. Implement the plan for cultivating high – quality farmers, carry out the action to cultivate rural entrepreneurship leaders, and improve the effectiveness of training. Vigorously develop vocational education for rural revitalization, and deepen the integration of industry and education and school – enterprise cooperation. Improve the incentive mechanism for urban professional and technical talents to serve rural areas regularly, and give appropriate preference in terms of job promotions and professional title evaluations to those who have served in rural areas for a long time. Guide urban professional and technical personnel to work part – time with pay or start businesses in rural areas. Allow eligible returnees, home – comers, and those going to rural areas for employment and entrepreneurship to register their household residence in their place of origin or the place of employment and entrepreneurship. Continue to implement projects such as the free training of rural – oriented medical students, the “Excellent Teacher Plan” for teachers, the “Special Post Plan”, and the “National Training Plan”, and implement the special plan for “college student rural doctors”. Carry out the “Rural Revitalization Women’s Action” and the “Youth Talent Development Action”.

(33) Promote the Integrated Development of Urban and Rural Areas in Counties. Improve the institutional mechanisms and policy systems for integrated urban – rural development, and smooth the flow of urban – rural factors. Overall plan the urban – rural planning and construction in counties, promote the filling of shortcomings and strengthening of weak links in county – level urbanization, and strengthen the construction of municipal and service facilities in central towns. Deepen the urbanization of rural migrant workers in counties, and establish and improve a mechanism for linking basic public services to the permanent population and providing services based on the place of permanent residence. Do a good job in financial services for rural migrant workers. Allocate public resources in counties, townships, and villages in a gradient manner, develop urban – rural school communities, closely – integrated medical and health communities, and elderly care service consortia. Promote the coordinated urban – rural construction and management of universal service facilities such as power supply, gas supply, telecommunications, and postal services in counties. In areas with conditions, promote the extension of municipal pipe networks and rural micro – pipe networks to households. Solidly carry out the creation of rural revitalization demonstration projects.

The key to doing a good job in rural affairs and achieving rural revitalization lies with the Party. Party committees and governments at all levels should earnestly study, publicize, and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, thoroughly understand General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, give top priority to the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and continuously improve the level of this work. Strengthen the construction of work styles. Party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, should firmly establish the mass perspective, implement the mass line, go to the grassroots level more often, and be more in touch with reality. They should also carry out in – depth investigations and research. Give play to the main role of farmers, and mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in participating in rural revitalization. Strengthen the systematic concept, coordinate and solve the dilemmas and multiple – difficulty problems in the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and properly handle the timing, degree, and effectiveness of work. Deepen the rectification of various forms of formalism, bureaucratism, and other problems in rural revitalization, effectively reduce the burdens on the grassroots level such as excessive evaluations, inspections, form – filling, data – reporting, and over – documentation, and encourage the grassroots level to focus on seeking development, strengthening governance, and doing practical things for farmers. Fully implement the responsibility system for rural revitalization, adhere to the principle of the five – level Party secretaries taking charge, conduct overall performance assessments of the rural revitalization strategy, and carry out assessment and evaluation of the effective connection between consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization. Take the promotion of rural revitalization through Party building as an important part of the assessment of the work of Party secretaries at the city, county, and township levels in grassroots Party building work report and review. Strengthen the statistical monitoring of rural revitalization. Develop a plan for accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country, conduct overall planning and systematic arrangements, connect with existing plans, and promote the work in a solid and steady manner in stages.

Source: Xinhua News Agency