1. Mixing
1.1 Agronomic Requirements
- Pre-wet sawdust for ≥24 hours
- Add wheat bran, calcium carbonate (or gypsum) during mixing
- Final moisture content: 53–60%
- pH range: 5.5–6.5
1.2 Operational Guidelines
- Equipment: Fully automatic paddle mixer
- Procedure:
▶ 2-stage mixing (total ≤60 minutes)
▶ When ambient temperature >25°C:
• Clean mixer thoroughly after daily production
• Spread leftover sawdust for aeration, remix with fresh sawdust next day
2. Bagging
2.1 Agronomic Requirements
- Uniform weight
- No bag damage
- Intact moisture-proof film
- Proper tightness (3.5–4.0 kg/cm² compression)
- Secure closure
2.2 Operational Guidelines
- Equipment: Automatic bagging machine (e.g., Fuji FM-500)
- Pre-operation Check:
▶ Air pressure: 0.5–0.7 MPa
▶ Heat-sealing temperature: 180–200°C
▶ Material flow consistency
3. Rack Loading
3.1 Agronomic Requirements
- Reject bags with:
✗ Holes ✗ Missing moisture film ✗ Non-standard clips - Apply sterile air-permeable tape after punching (4–6 holes/bag)
3.2 Operational Guidelines
- Equipment: Automated rack loader (XYZ Model 3000)
- Quality Control:
▶ Randomly inspect 5% bags for:
• Weight (target: 1.2–1.5 kg)
• Film integrity
• Closure tightness
4. Sterilization
4.1 Agronomic Requirements
- Achieve commercial sterilization (12D reduction of Bacillus subtilis)
- Post-sterilization cooling: 22–26°C
4.2 Operational Guidelines
- Equipment: Horizontal autoclave (10 m³ capacity)
- Parameters:PressureTemperatureDuration0.085–0.105 MPa118–121°C4–6 hours
- Post-cycle:
▶ Slow depressurization (≥30 minutes)
▶ Transfer racks to cleanroom within 2 hours
5. Inoculation
5.1 Agronomic Requirements
- Cleanroom Standard: Class 10,000 (ISO 7)
- Inoculation temperature: <25°C
- Relative humidity: <70%
5.2 Operational Guidelines
- Equipment:
▶ Automatic inoculator (4 holes/bag)
▶ Robotic bag sealer - Procedure:
- Surface-sterilize spawn with 75% ethanol
- Inspect spawn for contaminants under 10x magnification
- Seal with microporous film
6. Mycelium Cultivation
6.1 Agronomic Requirements
- Growth Stages:
▶ Vegetative phase: 20–25 days
▶ Ripening phase: 14–21 days
6.2 Environmental Control
| Growth Stage | Temperature (°C) | RH (%) | CO₂ (ppm) | Key Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days 1–7 | 22–24 | 50–70 | 1,000–2,000 | Monitor germination |
| Days 8–14 | 22–24 | 50–70 | 1,000–2,000 | Remove contaminated bags |
| Post-full colonization | 20–22 | 60–70 | <2,000 | Needle punching (40–60 holes) |
| Color transformation | 23–25 | 70–80 | <2,000 | Induce brown pellicle |
7. Fruiting Management
7.1 Crop Cycle Parameters
- Cropping Waves: 4–6 flushes/year
- Yield per Bag: 0.8–1.2 kg
7.2 Environmental Protocols
Stage 1: Primordia Induction
- 48-hour Shock Treatment:
▶ Day 1: 12–14°C, 90–95% RH, 500–800 lx
▶ Day 2: 14–16°C, 90–95% RH, 500–800 lx
Stage 2: Mushroom Development
| Time | Temperature (°C) | RH (%) | CO₂ (ppm) | Light |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daytime | 18–20 | 70–75 | <800 | 500–800 lx |
| Night | 14–16 | 80–90 | <1,500 | Darkness |
Post-Harvest Management
- Clean cultivation room with 2% peracetic acid
- Rehydrate bags to 55–60% moisture using drip system
- 7-day rest period before next flush
Equipment Specifications Table
| Process | Equipment Model | Capacity | Power |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mixing | Henan Lantian LT-1000 | 1,000 kg/batch | 15 kW |
| Bagging | Fuji FM-500 | 800 bags/hour | 7.5 kW |
| Inoculation | Shanghai Smart S-200 | 1,200 bags/hour | 3.0 kW |
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